Two-Dimensional Nanoscale Imaging of Gadolinium Spins via Scanning Probe Relaxometry with a Single Spin in Diamond

Spin labeling of molecules with paramagnetic ions is an important approach for determining molecular structure; however, current ensemble techniques lack the sensitivity to detect few isolated spins. In this paper, we demonstrate two-dimensional nanoscale imaging of paramagnetic gadolinium compounds using scanning relaxometry of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Gadopentetate dimeglumine attached to an atomic-force microscope tip is controllably interacted with and detected by the NV center by virtue of the fact that the NV exhibits fast relaxation in the fluctuating magnetic field generated by electron spin flips in the gadolinium. Using this technique, we demonstrate a reduction in the T-1 relaxation time of the NV center by over 2 orders of magnitude, probed with a spatial resolution of 20 nm. Our result exhibits the viability of the technique for imaging individual spins attached to complex nanostructures or biomolecules, along with studying the magnetic dynamics of isolated spins.