Limit-Deterministic Buchi Automata for Linear Temporal Logic

Limit-deterministic Buchi automata can replace deterministic Rabin automata in probabilistic model checking algorithms, and can be significantly smaller. We present a direct construction from an LTL formula phi to a limit-deterministic Buchi automaton. The automaton is the combination of a non-deterministic component, guessing the set of eventually true G-subformulasof., and a deterministic component verifying this guess and using this information to decide on acceptance. Contrary to the indirect approach of constructing a non-deterministic automaton for phi and then applying a semi-determinisation algorithm, our translation is compositional and has a clear logical structure. Moreover, due to its special structure, the resulting automaton can be used not only for qualitative, but also for quantitative verification of MDPs, using the same model checking algorithm as for deterministic automata. This allows one to reuse existing efficient implementations of this algorithm without any modification. Our construction yields much smaller automata for formulas with deep nesting of modal operators and performs at least as well as the existing approaches on general formulas.