Dynamics of Agrochemical Properties of leached Chernozems in the Republic of Mordovia

There is an acceleration, deceleration, or distortion of elementary soil processes under the influence of anthropogenic impact on the soil cover, which dictates the formulation of a state strategy for the rational use of soil resources. The object of the study was the leached chernozems of the Republic of Mordovia, where reference sites with state status were located on permanent spaces and which reflect the level of anthropogenic loads to the maximum extent. Soil sampling was carried out annually in spring before the start of fieldwork. Samples were taken to the depth of the arable layer. The following investigations were carried out in soil samples: humus by the Tyurin method with a photometric end; pHkcl with the preparation of a salt extract and determination of mobile phosphorus and potassium by the method of CINAO by the method of Kirsanov in the modification of CINAO with a photometric end; potassium by the flame photometric method. The trend of humus change indicates that its content in the plowed layer is decreasing. The greatest decrease was noted at reference plots 5 and 21, where in the 80s and 90s high doses of organic fertilizers were applied. Changes in the reaction of the soil solution for 1994-2012 indicate that this indicator is decreasing in all reference plots. The differences between individual plots are relatively small. The content of absorbed bases in the upper layer was quite high. In the arable layer, except for reference plot 5, an increase in mobile phosphorus was observed. The importance of soil-ecological monitoring is increasing immeasurably, which allows identifying deviations from optimal indicators to see a retrospective of natural complexes.