change scores;
classical test theory;
difference scores;
gain scores;
intraindividual differences;
measurement of growth;
reliability;
test theory;
validity;
D O I:
10.1177/014662169602000308
中图分类号:
O1 [数学];
C [社会科学总论];
学科分类号:
03 ;
0303 ;
0701 ;
070101 ;
摘要:
Williams & Zimmerman (1996) provided much-needed clarification on the reliability of gain scores. This commentary translates these ideas into recognizable patterns of change that tend to produce reliable or unreliable gain scores. It also questions the relevance of the traditional idea of reliability to the measurement of change.