Understanding the conformational dependence of spin-spin coupling constants:: Through-bond and through-space J(31P, 31P) coupling in tetraphosphane-1,4-diides [M(L)x]2[P4R4]

The characteristic dependence of J(P-31,P-31) spin-spin coupling constants of alkali metal tetraphosphane-1,4-diides on structure and composition has been analyzed by density functional methods. The computations confirm that the structure of the contact ion pairs is conserved in solution. Calculations on model systems M2P4H4, on naked P4H42- anions, and on models including point charges, show that the role of the cations is mainly structural and to a smaller extent electrostatic. Three of the four J(PP) coupling constants depend characteristically on the conformation of the anion, which in turn is determined by the substituents R and by cation-anion interactions. Several couplings exhibit a large through-space component and are thus strongly dependent on the relative orientation of nonbonding electron pairs on the phosphorus atoms involved. This is shown by visualization of coupling pathways using the recently introduced coupling energy density (CED), in combination with the electron localization function (ELF).