Binary Mixes of Self-Compacting Concrete with Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash

With the objective of establishing a viable alternative to the use of cement, the main objective of this study is to verify the possibility of using municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MIBA) as a partial cement replacement, thereby reducing the environmental impact associated with the use of concrete as a building material. To this end, self-compacting concrete (SCC) binary mixes of cement and MIBA were evaluated in their fresh and hardened state (i.e., self-compactability, mechanical and durability related performance). Four SCC mixes were produced to cover a wide range of replacement levels of cement with MIBA, namely: 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. A fifth SCC mix, without MIBA, was produced with 30% fly ash to carry out a comparative analysis with composites with well-established performance. The results showed that the use of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerators caused an overall decline in the performance of self-compacting concrete. Apart from the smaller number of reactive phases in the bottom ash when compared with fly ash, which led to a slower rate of strength development, the decline was also caused by the increased porosity from the oxidation of aluminium particles. Nevertheless, the results showed promising indicators regarding the durability of mixes with 20% MIBA, with values very similar to those of reference concrete.