Fixed degree of decentralization DPoS consensus mechanism in blockchain based on adjacency vote and the average fuzziness of vague value

The Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus mechanism is the fastest, most effective, most decentralized, and most flexible consensus model. The DPoS consensus uses the power of stakeholders to agree to vote in resolving consensus issues in a fair and democratic manner. However, in a traditional DPoS consensus mechanism, the degree of decentralization is undefined, and the number of agent nodes is fixed in advance. In this paper, a new fixed degree of decentralization for the DPoS consensus mechanism is proposed based on the adjacency vote and the average fuzziness of vague value. Moreover, the degree of decentralization is defined and discussed. As nodes are dynamically added and withdrawn, the total number of nodes in the blockchain changes. The proposed new consensus mechanism can automatically determine the number of agent nodes to be selected, based on the degree of decentralization and the total number of nodes in the blockchain. The adjacency vote and the average fuzziness of vague value are used to select agent nodes, and this method improves the fairness and security of the blockchain. We analyze five agent nodes, selected from 15 nodes, using the balloting distribution results. The feasibility and effectiveness of our new consensus mechanism are confirmed based on two test examples.