Effect of extracellular hyperosmolality on sweat rate during metaboreflex activation in passively heated young men

Metaboreflex activation augments sweating during mild-to-moderate hyperthermia in euhydrated (isosmotic isovolemic) individuals. Recent work indicates that extracellular hyperosmolality may augment metaboreflex-mediated elevations in sympathetic nervous activity. Our primary objective was, therefore, to test the hypothesis that extracellular hyperosmolality would exacerbate metaboreflex-mediated increases in sweat rate. On two separate occasions, 12 young men [means (SD): 25 (5) yr] received a 90-min intravenous infusion of either 0.9% saline (isosmotic condition, ISO) or 3.0% saline (hyperosmotic condition, HYP), resulting in a postinfusion serum osmolality of 290 (3) and 301 (7) mosmol/kgH(2)O, respectively. A whole body water perfusion suit was then used to increase esophageal temperature by 0.8 degrees C above resting. Participants then performed a metaboreflex activation protocol consisting of 90-s isometric handgrip exercise (40% of their predetermined maximum voluntary contraction), followed by 150 s of brachial occlusion (trapping produced metabolites within the limb). Metaboreflex-induced sweating was quantified as the change in global sweat rate (from preisometric handgrip exercise to brachial occlusion), estimated as the surface area-weighted average of local sweat rate on the abdomen, axilla, chest, bicep, quadriceps, and calf, measured using ventilated capsules (3.8 cm(2)). We also explored whether this response differed between body regions. The change in global sweat rate due to metaboreflex activation was significantly greater in HYP compared with ISO (0.03 mg/min/cm(2) [95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.06]; P = 0.047), but was not modulated by body region (site x condition interaction: P = 0.679). These findings indicate that extracellular hyperosmolality augments metaboreflex-induced increases in global sweat rate, with no evidence for region-specific differences.