Surface slip variability on strike-slip faults

被引:5
|
作者
Reitman, Nadine G. [1 ,2 ]
Mueller, Karl J. [1 ]
Tucker, Gregory E. [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
[2] US Geol Survey, Geol Hazards Sci Ctr, Golden, CO USA
[3] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
image correlation; landscape evolution model; offset measurement; slip distribution; slip variability; strike-slip fault; SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT; ALTYN TAGH FAULT; SUPERSTITION HILLS FAULT; VAN-MATRE-RANCH; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; CARRIZO-PLAIN; DEFORMATION PATTERNS; GEOMORPHIC OFFSETS; LANDERS EARTHQUAKE;
D O I
10.1002/esp.5294
中图分类号
P9 [自然地理学];
学科分类号
0705 ; 070501 ;
摘要
Slip in strike-slip earthquakes is spatially variable along a fault, but the degree to which variability over short length scales is inherent to the rupture process or introduced by interpretation and measurement has not been quantified. In this study, we examine the effects of interpretation error on apparent short-wavelength variability in surface slip distributions by comparing numerical landscape evolution models and recent ruptures on strike-slip faults measured by hand and with image correlation. Surface slip distributions measured by hand from 63 strike-slip earthquakes have average spatial variability (CVslip-spatial = standard deviation/mean) of 0.43-0.52, and a total range of 0.14-1.14. Displacement measurements of offset geomorphic markers from numerical models that simulate constant slip along a fault have average spatial variability of similar to 0.25-0.40 when measured by hand and no spatial variability when measured by image correlation. Slip distributions from seven recent ruptures measured by image correlation have short-wavelength variability of 0.09-0.29, which is considered inherent to how rupture propagates to the surface. Our results demonstrate that variability innate to the rupture process and introduced by interpretation both contribute substantially to the observed variability in slip distributions measured by hand. Resolving the extent to which short-wavelength variability is inherent to rupture propagation through near-surface material versus an artifact of interpretation furthers understanding of the relationship between surface rupture and fault mechanics and informs interpretation of slip distribution and slip-per-event in past earthquakes.
引用
收藏
页码:908 / 935
页数:28
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