The author proposes his reflection on the state of the prevention of addiction in Europe. Rethink it ? Improve it ? He proposes to know the opinion of professionals on prevention and its effectiveness. He compares this opinion with the data from the Report of the European Office for Drugs and Drug Addiction. He suggests some possible areas for improvement and draws on the examples given by Portugal and Germany. We need to rethink European prevention in terms of involvement, proxemics, professionalization, knowledge of the field, methodologies - some "universal" and primary, other focused, specific and tertiary - but also broad consultations between all concerned and also with the general public. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.