Microplastics composition and load from three wastewater treatment plants discharging into Mersin Bay, north eastern Mediterranean Sea

Copious quantities of microplastics enter the sewage system on a daily basis, and hence wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could be an important source of microplastic pollution in coastal waters. Influent and effluent discharges from three WWTPs in Mersin Bay, Turkey were sampled at monthly intervals over a one-year period during 2017. When data from all WWTPs were combined, fibers constituted the dominant particle form, accounting for 69.7% of total microplastics. Although notable oscillations in microplastic particle concentrations were observed throughout the year influent waters on average contained about 2.5-fold greater concentrations of microplastics compared to the effluent waters. An average of 0.9 microplastic particles were found per liter of effluent from the three WWTPs amounting to around 180 x 10(6) particles per day to Mersin Bay. This shows that despite their ability to remove 55-97% of microplastics, WWTPs are one of the main sources of microplastics to the northeast Mediterranean Sea.