Energy cascade processes in rotating stratified turbulence with application to the atmospheric mesoscale

Numerical experiments of rotating stratified turbulence are conducted in order to investigate the mesoscale energy cascade process in the free atmosphere. We examine the downscale energy cascade process originated by energy injection at large scales. The energy spectrum created by this injection follows a power law, and its slope depends on planetary rotation rate and static stability. While the spectral slope tends to be steeper with increased static stability in cases without planetary rotation, it becomes insensitive to the planetary rotation rate and static stability and converges to the range from -1.9 to -2.1 in cases with an increased rotation rate. The roles of geostrophic and gravity modes in the cascade processes are discussed. It is shown that nonlinear interactions between geostrophic and gravity modes play a crucial role in the downscale energy cascades. In particular, the effect of the planetary rotation mainly influences the triad interaction composed of one geostrophic and two gravity modes in the energy cascade process. Energy flux to smaller scales is intensified by this type of triad interaction with increased planetary rotation rate.