Concepts for the modelling of a passenger car

Simplified problem oriented models, that can be analysed analytically provide basic understanding for the dynamic behaviour and are today used for the design of control systems. First 3D-Models, including kinematic and force nonlinearities, provided a comprehensive analysis till to the drive limits. Later Multibody System programs make it relatively simple to include a large number of design details. Easy accessability and good possibilities to illustrate and interpret results make them the first choice for most investigations. The ongoing integration of control features into the system sees the car model itself as one component of the whole only. The challange of the furture will be the balanced tuning of the model details of all components.