Relationship between prevalence of risk factors of ischemic heart disease and mortality and level (status) of education was studied in men aged 20 - 54 years, Standardized epidemiological methods and criteria of evaluation were used, Epidemiological situation as assessed by prevalence of arterial hypertension, smoking and excessive body mass was worse in men with secondary and primary education compared to men with higher education, Total (all cause) mortality, coronary and other cardiovascular mortality were also higher in men with secondary or lower education, Levels of mortality and prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia were higher in male populations from towns with more unfavorable epidemiological status of ischemic heart disease (Tallinn, Kaunas, Moscow, St.Petersburg) compared to male populations of urban communities with better epidemiological situation (Ufa, Alma-Ata), Dependence of epidemiological parameters on education should be taken into consideration while planning preventive programs.