Update on the molecular diagnosis of endocrine tumors: toward omics-based personalized healthcare?

Genetic advances in endocrine neoplasia provided the paradigm for the practice of clinical cancer genetics: germline RET mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. In the last 14 yr, both genetics and - omics advances have occurred, almost exponentially in the last 5 yr. The time has come to reevaluate recent advances in genomic medicine's promise to revolutionize personalized healthcare in the context of endocrine neoplasias. This update focuses on two examples of endocrine neoplasias, those of the thyroid and of the adrenal, and discusses recent advances in germline and somatic genetics and genomics, as they relate to clinical application.