Illumination modeling and normalization for face recognition

In this paper, we present a general framework for face modeling under varying lighting conditions. First, we show that a face lighting subspace can be constructed based on three or more training face images illuminated by non-coplanar lights. The lighting of any face image can be represented as a point in this subspace. Second, we show that the extreme rays, i.e. the boundary of an illumination cone, cover the entire light sphere. Therefore, a relatively sparsely sampled face images can be used to build a face model instead of calculating each extremely illuminated face image. Third, we present a face normalization algorithm, illumination alignment, i.e. changing the lighting of one face image to that of another face image. Experiments are presented.