The Chemical Composition and Production Area of Early Western Zhou Proto-Porcelain Unearthed from Yejiashan Cemetery, Suizhou, China

The bodies and glazes of 27 early Western Zhou proto-porcelain samples from Yejiashan cemetery, Hubei Province, were analysed using LA-ICP-AES, SEM, XRD, a thermal expansion instrument and other analytical methods. The results indicated that the bodies of all samples were characterized by high silicon and low aluminium, and were made with porcelain stone raw materials found in the south of China. The glazes are typical of high-temperature calcium glazes of the CaO (MgO) -K2O(Na2O)-Al2O3-SiO2 series, with relatively high Mn and P content, which was probably caused by the addition of plant ashes. The physical properties and phase compositions of Yejiashan proto-porcelain show that firing processes were still in the early stages of development in ancient China. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that Yejiashan proto-porcelain might have come from the Deqing area, in Zhejiang Province. These results provide new archaeological evidence for research on issues related to material flow in the Western Zhou dynasty.