Rating impacts in a multi-stressor world: a quantitative assessment of 50 stressors affecting the Great Lakes

被引：58

作者：

Smith, Sigrid D. P. ^{[1
]}

McIntyre, Peter B. ^{[2
]}

Halpern, Benjamin S. ^{[3
,4
,5
]}

Cooke, Roger M. ^{[6
]}

Marino, Adrienne L. ^{[1
]}

Boyer, Gregory L. ^{[7
,8
]}

Buchsbaum, Andy ^{[9
]}

Burton, G. A., Jr. ^{[1
]}

Campbell, Linda M. ^{[10
,11
]}

Ciborowski, Jan J. H. ^{[12
]}

Doran, Patrick J. ^{[13
]}

Infante, Dana M. ^{[14
]}

Johnson, Lucinda B. ^{[15
]}

Read, Jennifer G. ^{[1
]}

Rose, Joan B.

Rutherford, Edward S. ^{[16
]}

Steinman, Alan D. ^{[17
]}

Allan, J. David ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA

[2] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[3] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

[4] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England

[5] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA

[6] Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA

[7] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Great Lakes Res Consortium, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA

[8] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA

[9] Natl Wildlife Federat, Great Lakes Reg Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA

[10] Queens Univ, Sch Environm Studies, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada

[11] Queens Univ, Dept Biol, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada

[12] Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada

[13] Nat Conservancy Great Lakes Project, Lansing, MI 48906 USA

[14] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA

[15] Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55881 USA

[16] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48015 USA

[17] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA

来源：

ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS | 2015年 / 25卷 / 03期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

aquatic; cumulative impact mapping; ecological risk assessment; environmental threats; expert elicitation; expert judgment; questionnaire; weight of evidence; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; EXPERT KNOWLEDGE; COASTAL WETLANDS; LAND-USE; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEMS; VULNERABILITY; ECOLOGY; NO;

D O I：

10.1890/14-0366.1

中图分类号：

Q14 [生态学（生物生态学）];

学科分类号：

071012 ; 0713 ;

摘要：

Ecosystems often experience multiple environmental stressors simultaneously that can differ widely in their pathways and strengths of impact. Differences in the relative impact of environmental stressors can guide restoration and management prioritization, but few studies have empirically assessed a comprehensive suite of stressors acting on a given ecosystem. To fill this gap in the Laurentian Great Lakes, where considerable restoration investments are currently underway, we used expert elicitation via a detailed online survey to develop ratings of the relative impacts of 50 potential stressors. Highlighting the multiplicity of stressors in this system, experts assessed all 50 stressors as having some impact on ecosystem condition, but ratings differed greatly among stressors. Individual stressors related to invasive and nuisance species (e.g., dreissenid mussels and ballast invasion risk) and climate change were assessed as having the greatest potential impacts. These results mark a shift away from the longstanding emphasis on nonpoint phosphorus and persistent bioaccumulative toxic substances in the Great Lakes. Differences in impact ratings among lakes and ecosystem zones were weak, and experts exhibited surprisingly high levels of agreement on the relative impacts of most stressors. Our results provide a basin-wide, quantitative summary of expert opinion on the present-day influence of all major Great Lakes stressors. The resulting ratings can facilitate prioritizing stressors to achieve management objectives in a given location, as well as providing a baseline for future stressor impact assessments in the Great Lakes and elsewhere.

引用

页码：717 / 728

页数：12