Early Jurassic climatic trends in the south-Tethyan margin

The Early Jurassic period was characterized by extreme environmental changes, as reflected by major global carbon isotope anomalies and abrupt changes in oxygen isotope and elemental records of marine organisms. Available data suggest an overall warm Early Jurassic climate interrupted by periods of severe cooling, with a climatic optimum during the early Toarcian. Available geochemical studies, however, have mainly focused on the northern margin of the Tethys Ocean, so that the palaeogeographic extent of these environmental perturbations, latitudinal palaeotemperature gradients and climate belt boundaries remain poorly constrained. Here we report the first stable isotope records of brachiopod shells (delta C-13 and delta O-18 values) from the Upper Sinemurian-Middle Toarcian interval in the southern margin of the Tethys Ocean (northwest Algeria). These data were used to better constrain the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the North Gondwana margin during the Early Jurassic, which likely played an important role on supra-regional climate. The diagenetic history of the analysed brachiopod shells was monitored using scanning electron microscopy, and elemental (manganese and strontium) compositions. The brachiopod delta C-13 and delta O-18 data show very similar trends as those reported for various Tethyan regions, and record negative carbon and oxygen isotope excursions near the Sinemurian-Pliensbachian and Pliensbachian-Toarcian transitions and during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE). Despite these similarities, the carbon and oxygen isotope records are systematically offset towards more positive delta C-13 values (average +0.5 parts per thousand) and more negative delta O-18 values (-1.0 parts per thousand) compared to those obtained from sites of higher palaeolatitudes in the northern Tethyan margin. These offsets suggest a spatial heterogeneity in the stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Early Jurassic Ocean and a marked latitudinal temperature gradient between the southern and northern margins of the Tethys. (C) 2019 International Association for Gondwana Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.