MicroRNA-mediated downregulation of mTOR/FGFR3 controls tumor growth induced by Src-related oncogenic pathways

The tyrosine kinase c-Src is upregulated in various human cancers, but the molecular mechanisms underlying c-Src-mediated tumor growth remain unclear. Here we examined the involvement of microRNAs in the c-Src-mediated tumor growth. Microarray profiling revealed that c-Src activation downregulates a limited set of microRNAs, including miR-99a, which targets oncogenic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3). Re-expression of miR-99a suppressed tumor growth of c-Src-transformed cells, and this effect was restored by the overexpression of mTOR. The downregulation of miR-99a was also observed in epidermal growth factor-and Ras-transformed cells, and it was suppressed by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Furthermore, miR-99a downregulation is associated with mTOR/FGFR3 upregulation in various human lung cancer cells/tissues. The tumorigenicity of these cells was suppressed by the introduction of miR-99a. These findings suggest that the miR-99a-mTOR/FGFR3 pathway is crucial for controlling tumor growth in a wide range of human cancers that harbor upregulation of the Src-related oncogenic pathways. Oncogene (2011) 30, 3489-3501; doi:10.1038/onc.2011.63; published online 7 March 2011