Breed and heterotic effects on postweaning traits in Altex and New Zealand White straightbred and crossbred rabbits

Postweaning data from 1,111 straightbred and reciprocally crossbred rabbits were analyzed to evaluate Alter and New Zealand White (NZW) breeds for individual growth and litter traits. The Alter is a recently developed sire breed, whereas the NZW is a popular commercial dam breed. Individual fryer growth traits were weaning (28 d; WW) and market (70 d; MW) weights and ADG. Litter traits included litter size (LSW) and total weight of litter at weaning (LWW), 28 to 70 d total feed intake (LFI), feed efficiency (LFE = total litter gain/LFI), survival rate, and within-litter MW uniformity. Least squares models consisted of fixed effects of sire breed, dam breed, season of weaning, doe parity, two- and three-way interactions, and random effects of sire within sire breed, litter within sire x dam breed, and(or) residual error (depending on whether an individual or a litter trait was analyzed). Crossbreeding parameters (direct breed additive, maternal breed, and individual heterosis) were estimated. Alter sires increased WW, ADG, and MW by 40 g (P < 0.10), 2.5 g/d, and 152 g (P < 0.001), respectively. Individual growth traits were not significantly influenced by the maternal breed effect. Litter size at weaning and LWW means were numerically similar for Alter and NZW dams. Direct heterosis increased ADG (1.7 g/d; P < 0.01) and MW (66 g; P < 0.10). In straightbred Alter compared to NZW fryers, ADG and MW were increased by 3.6 g/d and 216 g, respectively (P < 0.001). In Alter (sire) x NZW (dam) crossbred compared to NZW straightbred fryers, WW and MW were heavier (55 and 218 g; P < 0.10 and < 0.001) and ADG was more rapid (4.2 g/d; P < 0.001). For litter traits, Alter compared to NZW sires increased LFI by 1.28 kg (P < 0.10). Individual crossbreeding parameters did not affect (P > 0.05) other litter traits. No relationship existed between breed type of fryer and survival status (chi (2) = 2.81; P > 0.25). For litter traits, straightbred Alter had significantly greater LFI by 2.45 kg and increased LFE by 0.015 units relative to NZW. Combined direct breed additive and heterosis effects increased LFI by 1.84 kg (P < 0.05) in Alter (sire) x NZW (dam) crossbreds compared to NZW straightbreds. Also, 25% more Alter (sire) x NZW (dam) crossbred fryers were marketable (body weight greater than or equal to 1.8 kg) by 63 d of age than NZW straightbred fryers. These data suggest that crossing Alter bucks to NZW enhanced breeding efficiency of fryer growth performance.