Economics of integrated weed management and nitrogen fertilization in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under rainfed conditions

The highest net monetary returns (Rs 8,027/ha) were obtained in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by pre-emergence application of diuron 0.50 kg/ha supplemented with hand-weeding and hoeing at 6 weeks after sowing, followed by fluchloralin 0.90 kg/ha pre-plant incorporation combined with hand-weeding and hoeing 6 week after sowing (Rs 7,601/ha). The lowest net monetary returns compared with the control were obtained with recommended cultural practice, i.e. 3 hand-weedings and hoeings at 3,6 and 9 weeks after sowing. The highest net monetary returns (Rs 2,869/ha) over the control were obtained with 80 kg N/ha, followed by application of 60 kg N/ha (Rs 2,806/ha).