Real-world outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease initiating long-acting mono bronchodilator therapy

Background: Randomized clinical trials have shown long-acting mono bronchodilator therapy to be efficacious in improving lung function and dyspnea, while reducing exacerbations; however, less is known regarding the effectiveness in routine clinical practice. This study examined treatment patterns, rescue medication use, healthcare resource utilization and costs, and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who initiated long-acting mono bronchodilator therapy in real-world settings. Methods: This retrospective study used US claims data from adult patients with COPD initiating long-acting mono bronchodilator therapy between 1 January 2008 and 31 January 2015. Patients were required to have continuous health plan enrollment 12 months prior to (baseline period) and 12 months following therapy initiation (follow-up period). Outcomes, including treatment patterns, rescue medication use, exacerbations, and healthcare utilization and costs, were measured until the earliest of treatment augmentation or discontinuation, death, health plan disenrollment, or the end of the study period. Results were analyzed descriptively for all measures. Baseline and follow-up measures of all-cause and COPD-related healthcare costs and exacerbations [per patient per month (PPPM)] were compared using paired t tests. Results: Among 27,394 patients with a mean follow up of 6.3 months, 18.2% augmented, 74.2% discontinued, and 7.6% continued long-acting mono bronchodilator therapy. Rescue medication use was prevalent during the follow-up period, with an average of 1.0 short-acting agonist (SABA) fills/month and 0.8 short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) fills/month, among patients with at least one fill for the medication of interest. PPPM mean number of exacerbations was more than triple (0.17 versus 0.05, p < 0.001) and PPPM exacerbation-related costs were more than double over the follow-up period compared with baseline ($1070 versus $485). COPD-related costs accounted for 50% of all-cause costs during the follow-up period and were significantly higher compared with baseline ($1206 versus $592, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients initiating long-acting mono bronchodilator therapy had high rates of medication discontinuation or augmentation. Patients used more rescue medications and experienced significantly more COPD exacerbations with higher healthcare costs compared with baseline. Further research is warranted to determine whether more aggressive initial therapy would result in symptom improvement.