A narrow circumscription of the genus Viguiera Kunth results in transfer of 58 species of Helianthinae with glabrous stamen filaments, exappendiculate style appendages, and a persistent pappus into Rhysolepis S.F.Blake. Rhysolepis dillonorum from Peru, R. emaciata. from Bolivia, and R. goyasensis, R. hatschbachii, R. laxicymosa, R. santacatarinensis, and R. subtruncata, from Brazil are new species. Viguiera pazensis and V. procumbens are placed in synonymy under Rhysolepis helianthoides, and V. misionensis is combined with R. pilosa.