Hydrodynamics of a flexible cylinder under modulated vortex-induced vibrations

Both amplitude modulation and frequency modulation of Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) are observed in a recent model test of a flexible cylinder under oscillatory flow, but its hydrodynamics has not yet been broached in detail. This paper employs the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method for identification of time-varying hydrodynamics of a flexible cylinder under modulated VIV. The FF-LS method's applicability to accurately identify time-varying hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated through an elastically mounted rigid cylinder under flow with a given modulated motion. Furthermore, we propose a framework to predict instantaneous amplitude (envelope) and frequency using time-varying hydrodynamic coefficients to establish their analytical relationship. This prediction method is further extended to a highly tensioned flexible cylinder through Fourier series expansion in the spatial domain. By performing the identification procedure for all sampled data of a flexible cylinder undergoing oscillatory flow, we obtain the corresponding time-varying hydrodynamics in the cross-flow direction considering the amplitude and frequency modulation. The results show that, under modulated VIV, hydrodynamic coefficients of the flexible cylinder also show time-varying characteristics. We further investigate differences between identified hydrodynamic coefficients and those obtained from the database of a cylinder with modulated motion under flow. Prediction results using these identified time-varying coefficients reveal that the time-varying excitation coefficients mainly influence the amplitude modulation, and the time-varying added-mass coefficients contain the major information of frequency modulation. These results further suggest including the temporal derivative of the instantaneous amplitude as one determining parameter in building databases to improve the prediction of modulated VIV. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.