EFFECT OF LONG-TERM TREATMENT ON DENSITY OF CALCIC CHERNOZEM (ARIC) AND CROP YIELD IN CROP ROTATION

The transition to mini-till, strip-till and no-till farming is associated with a reduction in fuel and lubricants costs, optimization of the composition of the machine and tractor fleet, as well as with a deterrent effect of falling soil fertility. The studies have been carried out for 9 years using deep-till (DI), mini-till (MT) and no-till (NT). The influence of processing technologies on soil density and crop yield in crop rotation was studied in: (1) chickpeas; (2) spring wheat; (3) sorghum; (4) spring wheat; (5) sunflower; (6) barley on calcic chernozem (Aric). The main tillage was carried out to a depth of 10-12 cm with the OPO-4.25 tool in the unit with the Case Magnum 310 tractor. Deep loosening (DI) was performed to a depth of 30-35 cm with the Case Magnum 310 + 2OPO-4.25 machine-tractor unit, the second option - Case IH Ecolotiger 530C with the Case Magnum 310 tractor. In spring, both variants used a Brandt Commander 7000 harrow in a unit with a Case Magnum 310 tractor to cover moisture, and a Case Magnum 310 + 2OPO-4.25 unit for pre-sowing cultivation. Seeding on all variants was carried out with the Case Magnum 310 + Primera DMC 601 unit, with anchor-type coulters, spraying with the Terrion ATM 3180 + AMAZONE UG-3000 unit. The hypothesis that soil compaction and yield reduction on NT occurs only in the first years of its use, in the future the soil density decreases and stabilizes at values close to equilibrium, and its productivity increases, was confirmed.