Microcambeva draco, new species, is described from the Rio Jucurucu basin, Bahia State, northeastern Brazil, which constitutes the northernmost record for the genus. It is distinguished from M. barbata by having a short nasal barbel, reaching the anterior margin of second nostril, posterior process of the palatine long, the supraorbital bone about two times the length of the lachrymal. It is distinguished from M. ribeirae by having the anterior portion of the palatine ossified, the pair of posteriormost supraorbital pores separated, the lateral process of the sphenotic short, 10 dorsal-fin rays, and the origin of the anal fin in a vertical line through 21st vertebrae.