Determination of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) Production in Turkey (A Case Study in Adiyaman Province)

The purpose of this research was to perform the energy efficiency and GHG emissions of persimmon production. The data supplied from research were collected from 72 different farms by face to face surveys with simple random sampling method. According to the research findings, the energy inputs in persimmon production were computed respectively as 20,950.42 MJ ha(-1) (44.04%) chemical fertilizers, 6370.74 MJ ha-1 (13.39%) chemicals energy, 5200.08 MJ ha(-1) (10.93%) human labour energy, 3479.76 MJ ha(-1) (7.31%) machinery energy, 3376.80 MJ ha(-1) (7.10%) electricity energy, 3029.48 MJ ha(-1) (6.37%) diesel fuel energy, 2608.20 MJ ha(-1) (5.48%) irrigation water energy and 2556.00 MJ ha(-1) (5.37%) farmyard manure energy. Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy calculations were computed respectively as 1.57, 1.21 MJ kg(-1), 0.82 kg MJ(-1) and 26,908.52 ha(-1). The consumed total energy input in persimmon production can be classified as 29.88% direct, 70.12% indirect, 21.79% renewable and 78.21% non-renewable. Total GHG emissions were calculated as 4440.00 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1). The results of the study showed that the share of human labor in total GHG emissions was the highest (1857.17 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)), chemical fertilizier (1698.85 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)) and herbicide (1177.35 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1)) held the second and third.