Time-variant Analysis of Linear and Non-linear Phase Couplings of and between Frequency Components of EEG Burst Patterns in Fullterm Newborns

Time-variant (tv) phase-locking and synchronization characteristics of and between low-frequency (<= 1.5 Hz) and high-frequency EEG oscillations (>= 3.5 Hz) of the trace alternant (TA) pattern in full-term newborns have been quantified to explore the origin of quadratic phase coupling (QPC, as non-linear phase coupling measure) between the frequency ranges 1 - 1.5 Hz double left right arrow 3.5 - 4.5 Hz, which characterize the specific interactions of oscillations during the TA's burst activity. Using the Gabor transformation two measures of linear phase coupling, the phase-locking index (PLI) and the n:m phase synchronization index (PSI) have been determined. Phase-locking within the frequency ranges 1 -1.5 Hz and 3.5 - 4.5 Hz, and synchronization between both frequency ranges exists. These phase characteristics are significant 2 sec after burst onset and are associated with the maximum-values of the QPC(1- 1.5 Hz double left right arrow 3.5 - 4.5 Hz) which demonstrates that a specific neuronal coordination between the dynamics of phases and of amplitude-frequency dependencies must be underlying.