Serum tenascin-C as a potential predictive marker of angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Tenascin (Tn)-C is an extracellular matrix protein that is involved in tissue interactions during fetal development and oncogenesis. However, the role of serum Tn-C in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been clarified. Patients and Methods: In this study, we determined the serum levels of Tn-C among NSCLC patients who underwent surgery, as well as other factors implicated for angiogenesis, to address the clinical implications in NSCLC. Results and Conclusion: The median concentration of serum Tn-C in NSCLC patients was slightly higher than that of normal controls, but this difference was not statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between serum Tn-C levels and microvessel density (MVD), serum osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In contrast, there was no correlation between serum Tn-C levels and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and sialyl lewis-X (SIX) levels. The overall survival of patients with low Tn-C levels (< 96 ng/ml) was significantly greater than that of patients with high Tn-C levels (>= 96 ng/ml). Intratumoral Tn-C expression was co-localized with expression of microvessels in the stroma of the cancer cells by immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, enhanced in vitro migration of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) was induced by recombinant Tn-C. Collectively, Tn-C may play an important role in angiogenesis of patients with NSCLC, and the determination of serum Tn-C may be useful in predicting intratumoral vasculature and patients' prognosis.