Addition of a polyhistidine tag alters the regioselectivity of carbonyl reductase S1 from Candida magnoliae

Studying enzymatic reductions of substrates with more than a single keto group is challenging, as the carbonyl reduction can create a vast array of regio- and stereoisomers. If used as reference compounds, regio- and stereopure hydroxy ketides could facilitate the characterization of reductases with unclear regio-and stereoselectivity. We have combined nonenzymatic and enzymatic reduction and oxidation steps to obtain all four regio- and stereoisomers of tert-butyl hydroxyoxohexanoates in high optical purity (enantiomeric ratio (er) of 99 : 1 for the delta-hydroxy-beta-keto isomers; er of > 97 : 3 for the beta-hydroxy-delta-keto isomers). Furthermore, we have prepared seven of the eight possible regioisomers and diastereomers of gamma-methylated hydroxyoxohexanoates. These 11 compounds allowed unraveling the complex stereoselectivity of beta, delta-diketo ester reductions catalyzed by carbonyl reductase S1 from Candida magnoliae (CMCR-S1). Our analysis shows that the regio-and stereoselectivity of CMCR-S1-catalyzed reductions is highly sensitive toward modifications at the C-terminus of CMCR-S1: in addition to the expected delta-hydroxy product, the variant with a C-terminal His-tag also led to formation of beta-hydroxy by-products with high optical purity.