Inkjet printing of CH3NH3PbI3 on a mesoscopic TiO2 film for highly efficient perovskite solar cells

An inkjet printing technique is successfully used to deposit a perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 layer on a mesoscopic TiO2 film. With combined optimization of the table temperature and the ink composition, a flat and uniform perovskite layer is realized on the TiO2 film, and the corresponding photovoltaic device exhibits a high efficiency of 12.3% with an average value of 11.2% under AM 1.5G conditions. The current work demonstrates that the inkjet printing method is environmentally benign and cost-effective with reduced waste of the toxic Pb-containing materials encountered inevitably in the existing techniques during the device preparation.