One hundred and thirty-nine samples of sieved sediments of rivers and reservoirs in the Elbe (Labe) river catchment in Bohemia (Czech Republic) were analyzed by gamma-spectrometry for Cs-134, Cs-137, Ra-226, Ra-228 and Th-228. The results characterize contamination of the catchment with radiocesium mainly from the Chernobyl accident, with Ra-226 from uranium mining and milling, and natural background values for Ra-226, Ra-228 and Th-228. The data obtained were analyzed on the basis of their mutual correlations and correlations with parameters characterizing composition of the sediments: content of silica, carbonates, organic carbon, ferric oxide, phosphorus, sulphur, uranium, thorium, barium and magnesium.