Throughput optimization of interference limited cognitive radio-based Internet of Things (CR-IoT) network

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology allows massive devices to connect to the internet for data exchange. It is anticipated that in near future, trillions of IoT devices will be connected to the internet. To deploy these devices, the requirement of the spectrum is increasing day by day. Most of these devices transmit data over unlicensed frequency bands that cause severe interference to each other while exchanging the data as these bands are becoming overcrowded. Therefore, to overcome spectrum scarcity and interference problems among these devices, a novel communication paradigm called cognitive radio-based internet of things (CR-IoT) is evolving at a very fast pace that integrates cognitive radio technology into the IoT devices. The technology has the potential to overcome the spectrum scarcity and interference problem by allowing dynamic spectrum access to conventional IoT networks. Such devices continuously monitor spectrum availability to transmit the data by incorporating an intelligent sensing mechanism into the devices. However, the performance of the sensing unit in terms of the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm, significantly deteriorates due to the noise uncertainties, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio environments. For the efficient utilization of the spectrum, the probability of detection and the probability of false alarm of the spectrum sensor should be high and low, respectively. Both sensing parameters are greatly influenced by the selection of the sensing threshold. Moreover, these IoT devices deal with short packet transmissions, the optimum sensing time is another crucial parameter that governs the performance of these devices. While addressing these two important issues, the convex optimization problem is formed over sensing time and sensing threshold, and the concavity on sensing threshold is proved. Further, an iterative algorithm is proposed for the CR-IoT system that intelligently adapts the sensing threshold to meet desired sensing performance in terms of P-d and P-f especially, in low SNR regions, and also optimize the sensing time to overcome the sensing throughput tradeoff. The simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm increases the CR-IoT system throughput by 95% as compared to the conventional scheme at the received signal to noise ratio equals -20 dB while satisfying the requirement of P-d and P-f as per IEEE 802.22 standard. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.