Research Progress on The Mechanisms of Inducing Nerve Regeneration in The Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and memory loss in the central nervous system, which has become one of the most difficult problems and urgent to solve in geriatrics. However, the pathological mechanism of AD is still unclear, and there is no specific medicine for AD. Currently, the exploration of nerve regeneration in AD has gradually attracted increasing attention. Increasing BDNF or NGF expression by neurotrophic solution or adeno-associated virus can regulate the survival of nerve cells and the plasticity of synapses. AChEI drugs can inhibit the decomposition of ACh and activate the nAChRs receptor, which enhance growth, communication and survival of neurons. Brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can activate synaptic activity in neuronal circuits. Exogenous NSCs transplantation or BDNF combined with NSCs transplantation can not only directly increase the number of neurons, but also indirectly improve pathology surroundings by stimulating the secretion of neurotrophic factors and exosomes. Studies have demonstrated that the treatment of neurotrophic solution, physical stimulation or stem cell transplantation can enhance adult neurogenesis in the brain, which is considered to be effective strategy to alleviate pathological symptoms as well as cognitive impairment of AD. However, the optimal intervention strategy and the quality of treatment need to be further evaluated. Our paper reviews the methods of inducing nerve regeneration and elucidates its therapeutic mechanism of AD, which may provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of nerve regeneration therapy.