Factors associated with death and ICU referral among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the secondary referral academic hospital in East Jakarta, Indonesia

Introduction: : We present demographic and clinical characteristics including laboratory and imaging data of COVID-19. Factors associated with death and ICU referral were evaluated. Methods: : This is a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics with the outcomes. Results: : A total of 477 patients have been hospitalized from October 2020 -February 2021, 112 patients were over 60 years old and 58.2% were women. There were 299 (62.7%) patients with clinical improvement and negative RT-PCR at discharge, 145 (30.4%) patients with clinical improvement and positive RT-PCR at discharge, 14 (2.9%) patients referred to ICU, and 19 (4%) patients died. The most common clinical symptoms were fever, cough, nausea and vomiting, and shortness of breath. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age >= 60 years old, shortness of breath, obesity, oxygen saturation < 95%, leukocyte count > 10,000/L, and moderate-severe COVID-19 at admission were strongly associated with death or referral to ICU. Conclusion: : Patients aged over 60 years old with obesity, low peripheral oxygen saturation, high leucocyte count, shortness of breath and moderate-severe COVID-19 at admission had higher risks of death or referred to ICU.