Associations between glycated hemoglobin and the risks of incident cardiovascular diseases in patients with gout

Background Evidence for the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with gout remained sparse and limited. This study aims to explore the associations between HbA1c levels and risks of incident CVD in patients with gout. Methods We included patients with gout who had an HbA1c measurement at baseline from the UK Biobank. CVD events were identified from through medical and death records. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards model with a restricted cubic spline to assess the potential non-linear effect of HbA1c on CVD risk. Results We included a total of 6,685 patients (mean age 59.7; 8.1% females) with gout for analyses. During a mean follow-up of 7.3 years, there were 1,095 CVD events documented with an incidence of 2.26 events per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13-2.40). A quasi J-shaped association between HbA1c and risk of CVD was observed, with the potentially lowest risk found at the HbA1c of approximately 5.0% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.81). When compared with the HbAlc level of 7%, a significantly decreased risk of CVD was found from 5.0 to 6.5%, while an increased risk was observed at 7.5% (HR = 1.05) and 8.0% (HR = 1.09). Subgroup analyses yielded similar results to the main findings in general. Conclusions Based on data from a nationwide, prospective, population-based cohort, we found a quasi J-shaped relationship between HbA1c and risk of CVD in patients with gout. More high-quality evidence is needed to further clarify the relationship between HbA1c and CVD risk in patients with gout.