Social change and birth cohort decrease in social support for older adults in China: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1994-2018

Social support not only plays an important role in the physical and mental health of the elderly people but also constitutes an essential resource for healthy ageing. With the rapid economic and social development during the last 40 years in China, the acceleration of urbanisation, and the disintegration of traditional extended families, the social support that Chinese older adults receive may be declining, leading to deterioration in quality of life for the rapidly ageing population. Cross-temporal meta-analysis was employed to investigate changes in older Chinese adults' social support from 1994 to 2018. One hundred and thirty-six studies (N = 82,722; age >= 60) that used the social support rating scale (SSRS) were analysed. Additionally, social support scores were correlated with social indicators to explore the relationship between social support and the environment of social development. Results show that social support scores decreased by 5.09 and 0.73 standard deviations over the past 24 years. Correlation with social indicators suggests that a decrease in social connectedness and an increase in economic imbalance may be responsible for the reduction in social support.