Summary of the science performed onboard the International Space Station during increments 12 and 13

The objectives of this paper are four-fold: (1) to briefly review the science conducted on the International Space Station during the previous 15 increments; (2) to compare the original science complement plan for increments 12 and 13 with the on-orbit science accomplishment to illustrate the challenges of performing daily science activity on a space platform that is being built and continuously staffed; (3) to discuss the investigations that were conducted on the station during increments 12 and 13 (the discussion will focus mainly on the primary objectives of each investigation and their associated hypotheses that were investigated during these two increments. Also, some preliminary science results will be discussed for each of the investigations as science results availability permit); (4) to briefly discuss the science research complements that are being planned for increments 16 and 17. Published by Elsevier Ltd.