Guest Editorial: Blockchain in Smart Education

In a smart educational environment, the significant challenges faced by its stakeholders are trust, privacy, and transparency-related issues in sharing and retrieval of any information. Since blockchain is a sole technology provides extraordinary features such as decentralization, traceability, and immutability; integrating this technology in a smart educational environment it can overcome all the technical risks, potential threats, and privacy concerns. This special issue aims at presenting the current state-of-the-art research and future trends on various aspects of the implementation of blockchain technologies that address the gaps prevailing in copyright and credential related issues, which can be seen as a promising sign for any virtual or innovative developments in teaching and learning platform. Papers selected for this special issue represent recent progress in the field, including works on VR Assisted Learning Environment, Secure Scoring Mechanism for Online Learning, Psychological Distance of Online Education.