Yacon tuberous root (Smallanthus sonchifolius):: cultivation potentialities, technological and nutritional aspects

Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant that belongs to Asteracene family, originated front Andean regions. The tuberous roots produced by this plant are similar to sweet potatoes in appearance, have a sweet taste and a crunch pulp, being often consumed 'in natura'. Yacon was not usually consumed until the 80's decade, when some peculiarities were discovered in its chemical composition that could be beneficial to human health. The tubers contain high water content, reduced energetic value and, unlikely most tuberous species which store the carbohydrates in the form of starch, yacon has fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as its main reserve carbohydrate, being highlighted by its bifidogenic activity. This paper presents a literature review on many aspects about this specie, such as historical origin, botanical features, chemical composition and post harvest effects.