Exploring healthcare students' interprofessional teamwork in primary care simulation scenarios: collaboration to create a shared treatment plan

Background Primary care providers assume responsibility for patients with increasingly complex problems requiring interprofessional collaboration. Introducing interprofessional education in healthcare curricula prepares healthcare students for this reality. Solving simulation scenarios as an educational strategy is promoted to support interprofessional education in health care, and is mostly used in acute clinical situations. This paper aims to explore how healthcare students' actions influence interprofessional collaboration and treatment plan identification when they solve common, sub-acute patient scenarios in primary care situations. Methods Interaction analysis of video recordings from the simulation scenarios was performed with a focus on the students' joint actions; specifically how these actions unfold and how productive the students were in terms of developing treatment plans. Results We found variation in the groups' interactions, the paths they followed, and the quality of their knowledge output in their shared treatment plan. The groups with the capacity to collaborate and engage in sharing information, and explain and elaborate on concepts, were more successful in developing comprehensive treatment plans. Furthermore, these groups managed the duality of defining and solving the immediate problem and collaboratively preparing for future care. Conclusions Analysis of the activities in our scenarios showed the students' potential to practice interprofessional collaboration. Our study illustrates that simulation of sub-acute scenarios in primary care is an underexplored but suitable arena to train communication and teamwork in complex situations. The simulation scenarios are also feasible for use on-site in an educational facility or in practice with minimal equipment and resources.