Lava: A reality check of network coding in peer-to-peer live streaming

In recent literature, network coding has emerged as a promising information theoretic approach to improve the performance of both peer-to-peer and wireless networks. It has been widely accepted and acknowledged that network coding can theoretically improve network throughput of multicast sessions in directed acyclic graphs, achieving their cut-set capacity bounds. Recent studies have also supported the claim that network coding is beneficial for large-scale peer-to-peer content distribution, as it solves the problem of locating the last missing blocks to complete the download. We seek to perform a reality check of using network coding for peer-to-peer live multimedia streaming. We start with the following critical question: How helpful is network coding in peer-to-peer streaming? To address this question, we first implement the decoding process using Gauss-Jordan elimination, such that it can be performed while coded blocks are progressively received. We then implement a realistic testbed, called Lava, with actual network traffic to meticulously evaluate the benefits and trade-offs involved in using network coding in peer-to-peer streaming. We present the architectural design challenges in implementing network coding for the purpose of streaming, along with a pull-based peer-to-peer live streaming protocol in our comparison studies. Our experimental results show that network coding makes it possible to perform streaming with a finer granularity, which reduces the redundancy of bandwidth usage, improves resilience to network dynamics, and is most instrumental when the bandwidth supply barely meets the streaming demand.