Enhancing STEM competence by making electronic musical pencil for non-engineering students

STEM education has received increasing attention in recent years. Researchers have indicated that STEM learning activities should be closely connected to real-world problems to facilitate students' learning and foster positive STEM attitudes. In response to this recommendation, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of non-engineering students' making electronic musical pencil on their STEM competence. An instructional design based on knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) enhancement framework was proposed. Data were collected from 22 non-engineering students, the experimental results show that the effect of making electronic musical pencil by adopting the KSA enhancement framework on non-engineering students not only produces positive STEM competence learning outcomes according to Bloom's taxonomy but also enhances learners' attitude changes towards STEM.