Cryogenic MOST for focal plane readout electronics

At temperatures below 20 K conventional MOS transistors continue to work, but excessive noise and current-voltage anomalies such as kink, effect and hysteresis appear on their output characteristics because of carrier freeze-out in silicon. A cryogenic MOS transistor was proposed to prevent the anomalies. The paper describes the cryogenic transistor structure, its performance and the results of its application in a 64x1 CMOS multiplexer.