Does immigration enforcement affect where less-educated US natives and Hispanic immigrants live?

Previous research shows that unauthorized Hispanic immigrants are less likely to live in areas that implement tough immigration enforcement policies. Less is known about whether such policies affect where US citizens live. We examine whether implementation of employment- and police-based enforcement measures affected less-educated US citizens' and unauthorized Hispanic immigrants' interstate mobility during 2006-2018. The results indicate that Hispanic US citizens are repelled from states with police-based enforcement, with the impact on inflows versus outflows depending on whether they are married to an unauthorized immigrant. White and Black US natives' mobility tends to respond less to enforcement measures. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in OpenICPSR at . These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: IPUMS USA at .