A critical genre analysis of MD&A discourse in corporate annual reports

Based on the texts of 'Management Discussion and Analysis on Financial Status and Business' (MD&A) collected from 118 American corporate annual reports, this study investigated how the professional discourse is realized from the dimensions of text, genre, professional practice and professional culture, according to the framework of the Critical Genre Analysis (CGA) theory. It was found that (1) In the text dimension, lexicon features regarding vocabulary volume, vocabulary highlighting, readability and sentiment are unique to MD & As; (2) the genre of MD&As corresponds to a rhetorical structure of 3 moves and 10 steps; (3) the professional practice of MD&As is represented by three types of interdiscursivity, that is, shifting, mixing and embedding; (4) the professional culture of MD&As is embodied through identity enculturation, human-oriented value, cooperation awareness and self-serving manner. The results of this study help to better understand the realization of professional discourse and expand the application of CGA in professional practice. The findings presented herein are expected to enhance interdisciplinary research that relates language with corporate performance.