Radiation-free digital cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy for large common bile duct stones: feasibility and technical notes

Aims Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for large common bile duct (CBD) stones is facilitated by digital cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy, it is performed by fluoroscopy guidance. Here, we report our experience of non-radiation ERCP for large CBD stones using digital cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy. Methods Sixteen patients with large CBD stones underwent non-radiation digital cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy and lithotomy. Data relevant to procedure details, adverse events, and short-term follow-up were analyzed. Results Biliary access was achieved in all patients using standard guidewire-assisted cannulation, double-guidewire technique, and transpancreatic precut in twelve, two, and two patients, respectively. Balloons of 10 mm, 8 mm, and 6 mm in diameter were applied for EPBD in 8, 2, and 6 patients, respectively. Complete stone removal in one session was achieved in all patients. One round of laser lithotripsy was needed for stone <= 25 mm, and three-to-five rounds were needed for stones > 25 mm or multiple stones. One or two clips were used for endoscopic clipping. The time lengths of biliary access, digital cholangioscopy-assisted laser lithotripsy and stone extraction, and whole procedure were 3.5 +/- 3.2 (0.5-12) minutes, 52.5 +/- 30.6 (45-97) minutes, and 76 +/- 23.3 (58-106) minutes, respectively. Asymptomatic hyperleukocytose, hyperamylasemia, and mild pancreatitis were present in 1, 2, and 1 patient(s), respectively. No other complications occurred. No cholangitis or recurrent CBD stones were observed. Conclusion Non-radiation digital cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy is technically feasible and can be safely performed for endoscopic management of large CBD stones.