An integrated solar-driven system produces electricity with fresh water and crops in arid regions

Stable supplies of water, energy, and food are the most essential factors to universal achievements of the United Nation's Sustainable Developments Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This work reports a self-sustained and solar-driven, integrated water-electricity-crop co-production system ((WECP)-P-2). The design of (WECP)-P-2 is based on the atmospheric water adsorption-desorption cycle (1) to generate cooling power for photovoltaic (PV) cells to increase their electricity generation performance or (2) to sustainably produce fresh water from atmospheric water vapor to support crop growth. During the 3-month-long outdoor field test, the (WECP)-P-2 successfully reduced the temperature of PV panels by up to 17 degrees C and increased their electricity generation by up to 9.9% in the PV cooling mode. Meanwhile, it produced water to irrigate crops (i.e., water spinach) hosted in an integrated plant-growing unit in Saudi Arabia, with a crop surviving rate of 95%. Thereby, (WECP)-P-2 may represent a meaningful contribution to the global water-energy-food nexus.