GRALE2D - an explicit finite element code for two-dimensional plane and axi-symmetric multi-material ALE simulations

This paper describes the Euler-Lagrange coupling in GRALE213, an explicit finite element code for two-dimensional plane and axi-symmetrical multi-material ALE simulations, which is being developed at the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). A brief overview of the functionalities of the code is followed by a description of the implemented method for Euler-Lagrange coupling together with a numerical example demonstrating the performance of the code in a typical ballistic application. Since GRALE213 works with selectively reduced integrated elements, hourglass stabilization is not necessary for the treatment of materials with shear strength.